The Church Does Not Discriminate Against Homosexuals

The church does not discriminate against homosexuals, even though the definition of discriminate is: to make a distinction in the treatment of different groups, especially of race, sex, or orientation. and that is what is being done. Regardless, the church does not agree with homosexuality, and homosexual acts. These are the main reasons why this is so; and why they make no sense. The reasons have all been compiled from official Christian clergies, websites, and videos. The first is the fact that it is stated in the Bible as an abomination, and it is something the Church cannot change since God s word is perfect. A popular passage is: Do not lie with a man as one lies with a woman; that is detestable. (Leviticus 18:22) There†¦show more content†¦You either follow everything the Bible says because of what is said, or nothing at all. This also goes along with the reasoning that since marriage has always been between a male and a female, that it should stay this way. People of colour had always been seen as slaves, and could not even use the same facilities as white people. Now, interracial marriage is legal. Stoning people to death also was a procedure that had always happened. Corruption, lying, cheating. They have always been there. Something that has always happened is not automatically something that is right, or just. You cannot use reasoning for one issue, and not allow it to apply for another. If it is causing oppression, suffering, and hurting, it is probably not a just thing. Another reason is that homosexuality is unnatural, especially due to the fact that homosexuals cannot procreate. Homosexuality occurs in over 450 species. It is a not a sin that would simply be caused by the original sin; it has always been there. Homosexuality is a mixture of cells and genes arranged differently than for a heterosexual. Even if it was unnatural, that does not automatically make it wrong. The desire to murder is natural, but it is not right. Airplanes are unnatural, but aid in many ways and do little harm. These two classifications do not go hand in hand. While it is true that homosexuals cannot procreate, there is not a burning need for this. Our world is faced with

Elizabeth Bishops Poetry - 779 Words

Elizabeth Bishop poses interesting questions delivered by means of a unique style. Do you agree? Focus on themes and stylistic features. In my opinion, Elizabeth Bishop has a unique style of asking interesting questions. Bishop invites us along on the journey with her. She does this by her â€Å"painterly eye† which she has been praised for. In her poems she takes the ordinary and turns it into the extraordinary. As a reader, I wonder why she goes into so much detail. There is a story behind each of her poems. Her poems â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia† and â€Å"In the Waiting Room† are about childhood experiences. She uses great detail in her poems and we feel like we are apart of it. This can be clearly seen in Bishop’s poem â€Å"The Fish†.†¦show more content†¦The voice in the poem is that of an outsider. The compound words â€Å"oil-soaked† and â€Å"oil-permeated† give us a clear vision of this petrol station. I wonder why Bishop is there in the first place. We become fascinated with the place. In verse two, the speaker sees the family. The image of ever ything covered in oil is continued. Alliteration is used to describe the sons, â€Å"several quick and saucy and greasy sons assist†, this suggests they have an oily appearance. The speaker begins to wonder if anyone lives here, â€Å"Do they live in the station?†. Bishop looks for and finds evidence of the female touch in verses four and five. We begin to see that there is beauty and love in the most unlikely places. In this male-dominated world, there is care to attention and detail with the mention of â€Å"daisy stitch†. In the final verse the repetition of â€Å"somebody† highlights the importance of the mother. The poem ends with the assurance that everybody is loved and worthy of love. Bishop recalls a childhood experience in her poem â€Å"In the Waiting Room†. This poem is similar to â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia† as both have a theme of childhood innocence in them†. Perhaps the most immediately striking feature of Bishops work is its child narrator describing the seemingly innocuous event of waiting at the dentists office while her aunt is in the patients room. In this setting, the memory revolves around the narrator reading a National Geographic magazine.Show MoreRelatedElizabeth Bishop - Language essay1124 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Bishop’s carefully judged use of language aids the reader to uncover the intensity of feeling in her poetry.† To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Support your answer with reference to the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop on your course. Elizabeth Bishop’s use of language in her poems has allowed readers to grasp a better understanding of feeling in her poetry. During the beginning of Bishop’s career, she was often referred to as a ‘miniaturist’. Her concentrationRead MoreElizabeth Bishop s The Waiting Room1184 Words   |  5 PagesElizabeth Bishop was considered one of the most important poets of the twentieth century. One of her greatest works was In the Waiting Room. In this somewhat autobiographical poem, Bishop tells the story of young Elizabeth’s visit to the dentist with her Aunt. While waiting Elizabeth begins to thumb through the February 1918 issue of National Geographic. She is struck with pictures of places she has never seen before and of people and cultures she could not imagine. Through this â€Å"journey† ElizabethRead MoreLife And Writing Of Elizabeth Bishop1497 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poet Elizabeth Bishop provide examples of distinct storytelling approac hes: the first, a documentary with a particular political slant; the second, a semi-fictionalized biopic that is a little fast and loose with facts and chronology. With some anticipation I and my wife went to see Welcome to This House (2015), Barbara Hammer’s film about poet Elizabeth Bishop through the lens of her various domiciles. I expected an exploration into the meaning and impact of those homes on Bishop’s life andRead MoreOne Art By Sylvia Plath Critical Analysis1446 Words   |  6 PagesArt† by Elizabeth Bishop and â€Å"Lady Lazarus† by Sylvia Plath, the poets write to conceptualize and understand their losses, ultimately applying radically opposing solutions to the same emotional struggle. Elizabeth Bishop was a high-caliber poet known for her excellent use of form and technical genius. Suffering tragedy at a young age when â€Å"her father died, and shortly thereafter, her mother was committed to a mental asylum,† it is somewhat surprising that the majority of Bishop’s poetry is detachedRead MoreA Comparison Between Elizabeth Bishop And James Wright1440 Words   |  6 PagesSephora Solomon Professor Wojahn Poetry ENGL 345 29 October 2017 First Paper: Elizabeth Bishop, James Wright comparison As masters of imagery, both Elizabeth Bishop and James Wright composed vivid poetry as a road map to a significant closing. Bishop and Wright often opted to dramatic gestures or statements at the closing of their poems rather than the predictable expected metaphor. Use of dramatization leaves the reader with complete understanding of the narrative’s key message. Replacing theRead MoreEssay on Disaster in Elizabeth Bishop’s One Art550 Words   |  3 PagesDisaster in Elizabeth Bishop’s One Art Art is not life. More, it is a deception, mirroring experience and emotion, but never truly becoming that which it reflects. Art is attractive in that it is a controlled balance between rigid structure, which is too mundane for its purposes, and chaotic discord, which is too feral. Poetry is art. Loss is not. In her villanelle â€Å"One Art,† Elizabeth Bishop proves this to be so. The poem itself is an emotive crescendo, and while its speaker struggles to holdRead MoreEssay about Elizabeth Bishops One Art1284 Words   |  6 PagesConsidered by many as a poet for poets, Elizabeth Bishop was one of the most refined voices of the American poetry of the last century. She was known as one of the best female American poets of the contemporary period famous for her style patent with simplicity and precision. Her work was famous for disclosing the mysteries of her personal life by cleverly chosen representations. In her very-famous villanelle, â€Å"One Art,† Bishop’ s tone seems relaxed at first impression, yet the reader can laterRead MoreElizabeth Bishop s One Art Style Analysis1275 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth Bishop’s â€Å"One Art† Style Analysis In the villanelle â€Å"One Art† Elizabeth Bishop seems to take a very relaxed tone over a subject that many writers would deem a more emotional topic. Slowly her true frustrations are brought to light as the inanimate objects she lists switch from everyday things to examples that have more severity. Bishop’s style of using her works to subtly expose her own personal feeling is very present through the poem. Bishop’s poem â€Å"One Art,† although not one of herRead MoreThe Poetry of Elizabeth Bishop, and How it Connects to Her Life781 Words   |  4 PagesElizabeth Bishop’s poetry has many characteristics that make it appealing. Her poetry links much with her life; a depressing but interesting one, which saw a troubled childhood, many countries and many awards for her poetry. Her celebrations of the ordinary are another appealing characteristic; an unusual yet original quality. Bishop’s poems have a unique style, with a fine combination of vivid imagery and concrete intense language. In addition to this we see detailed descriptions of the exotic andRead MoreLife Experiences And Hardships Through Figurative Language1849 Words   |  8 Pagesand metaphors, authors use poetry to explore the deeper meanings and connections of the world. The twentieth-century poet, Elizabeth Bishop used poetry to prove her connections with the world, while also identifying her own personality and experiences. A variety of her poems like, â€Å"The Fish,† â€Å"One Love,† and â€Å"In The Waiting Room† connect to various stages of her life. Drawing on her past, Bishop was able to use relatable situations to create images of true life in her poetry and reach out to her audiences

Architecture of the Medieval Cathedrals of England Free Essays

Luis Valentine Cathedrals of England May, 23, 2013 IN the dictionary, cathedrals are defined as another name or place of worship for Christians, Catholics, and etc. I’m about to take your imagination to some of the homeland of some of the oldest and beautiful cathedrals on Earth. I’m going to introduce you to London, the capital city of England, and the United Kingdom. We will write a custom essay sample on Architecture of the Medieval Cathedrals of England or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before we start our trip, let me tell you the variety of cathedrals we’ll see. There are over 50 cathedrals in England, and over 100 in the United Kingdom. Yet, they’re not the same o I’ll take you through the tour very detailed. Our first stop will be London. There we will go to SST. Pall’s Cathedral. SST. Palls Cathedral was founded in 604 AD and has been damaged several times thought history. It is the seat of the Bishop, and named after Paul the Apostle. Many historical people have been buried in this cathedral such as Sir Winston Churchill, the Duke of Wellington, and Sir William Alexander Smith. The cathedral is also a great tourist zone in London. SST. Pall’s cathedral has dominated the London skyline for 300 years. Thousands of people arrive in London to have a time of peace and pray in their lives. There is also an enormous inventory of pipes (10,266) for organs. SST. Pall’s Cathedral has been damaged several times before. The only one we may remember was probably during The Blitz. During the Battle of London, London was under German bombardment for several days. An ionic photo taken was the dome of SST. Pall’s cathedral peaking through the devastating smoke, smog, and ash that contaminated the air. The next cathedral we’ll read about will be in Exeter. The Cathedral of Saint Peter in Exeter was founded around 1050. It has an unusual decor which has an extensive vault. Alt is a Norman, and Gothic church and has buried many Bishops of Exeter. The Salisbury Cathedral is one of the most beautiful cathedrals on Earth. It is also one of the tallest cathedrals also. Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary is one of the leading examples of Early English Architecture. The cathedral has the tallest spire in all of England in a height of mm/fat. The cathedral is host to the worlds longest living clock. The clock has worked from ADDED to present. One of the best looking copies of the original Magna Cart is held inside Salisbury Cathedral. The clock inside Salisbury is the oldest working clock in presence today. The clock has no face because it used to chime the hours in the past. It was used until 1884 where it was put in storage and forgotten. Since 1929, the clock has been worked on for repair and restoration. We enter the heart of British religion. The Canterbury Cathedral or also the Cathedral and Metropolitan Church of Christ at Canterbury. The cathedral hosts the Archbishop of Canterbury, leader of the Church of Britain, who is a worldwide leader of Anglican Communion. Founded in 597, the cathedral went under extensive work during 1070 to 1077. The eastern end of the cathedral was enlarged in sass’s and rebuilt because of a fire in 1074. It was later significantly extended to fulfill the need of space during the arrival of pilgrims. The tower used to have a tall spire similar to the Salisbury spire but it was later demolished. This cathedral is used for the wedding of the Princess of Wales. The Liverpool Cathedral or the Cathedral Church of Christ in Liverpool is the second longest cathedral on Earth. It measures 620 feet and competes with incomplete Cathedral of Saint John the Divine in New York. 220 Ft above the floor level of the cathedral is the worlds largest and heaviest bells. The firm of Powell and Sons designed the stained glass put in the original Liverpool Cathedral. During the German bombardment of WI, much of the glass was either destroyed or severely damaged. Yet those were originals, the cathedral was able to find similar glass. I will now take to maybe the most extravagant cathedral in the entire world. It was once a modern marvel, a human feat named the tallest building to exist. The Lincoln Cathedral is one of the most history-rich cathedral on Earth still in existence to visit. It holds one of the 4 original Magna Cart’s. There are far more cathedrals in England, but will would need days to read about all of them. The cathedrals that you’ve read so far are some of the most beautiful, and richest cathedrals that are still in use and existence. How to cite Architecture of the Medieval Cathedrals of England, Papers

Interpersonal Communication Skill Education-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Interpersonal Communication Skill Education? Answer: Introduction The case under study is a Montessori school. It is basically a model of human development and educational approach based the model. This system of education of children follows two basic principles. First, the school is for the children under age of six and has an innate path of psychological development of the children. Second, it follows the process where developing adults and children interact with their environment in order to develop psychological self-construction (Randolph, Rosenstein Michaels, 2014; Lillard, 2013). A detailed description and situation of the organization is provided in the report followed by a detailed description of the conflicts are provided. Suggestions are given in the final part of the case study to improve the situation in the organization. A comprehensive and in-depth reflection of the case is provided for better understanding for the reader. It will be covering the experiences and significant events that made impact on the author. Background of the Case The center under study is run by a family of mother, daughter and son, where the mother is the director, daughter is the principle and the son is the manager of the institution. Authority of decision making lies only with the director of the institution and no other person has any say in the matter. There is a clear communication gap between the director and the rest of the body. For that reason, no amount of hard work from our side is ever enough to satisfy them. I am a senior teacher in the institution. Like any other Montessori, this center also follows the mix classroom structure which is fundamental of Montessori education. But the issue lies in the management and poor leadership of the institution. There is also a sure shortage of manpower in the institution. Here, the classrooms comprises of children from age of 2.5 years to 6 year which is too long for and improper. The actual arrangement should be a mixture of 2-3 years as it involves free activity within a prepared environment with educational environment tailored to basic human characteristic and the specific characteristics of children at different stage. Hence, it is understandable that the age gap of the mix classroom in the case creates chaos. The classrooms are not functional and fail in allowing the children to develop according to their own inner psychological directives. Boredom of the children can be noticed with the work material provided for them. This chaos lead to an un clean environment, therefore, is hardly conductive to order in the whole school. Certain changes are required in order to gain harmony and beauty of the center. The classrooms should be divided according to the Montessori segmentation and have an environment that emphasized materials and activities scaled to the childrens ability to develop movement and independence instead of occupying them with something for the sake. Identification of the Conflict From the above description of the case, it is clear that the leadership that runs into my organization is autocratic leadership. There is a clear communication gap between the management and the teachers of the organization which supplemented for the situation that arose. The teachers are definitely not happy with the situation. They seek more participation in the decision making for the institution. Another issue that can be identified is the shortage of manpower in the organization. We need more manpower to in the organization to cope up with the issue, but the director is strict about not recruiting any more staffs. This leadership inefficiency and communication gap between the leader and the members are the primary cause of the chaos in the school. The Montessori needs a new management style to regain the stability. Moreover, she is seeking help from the management and senior teachers to stabilize the condition. Therefore, the director and I had a meeting about the need of new sy stem and challenges that might occur in the process. This Brief description of the Autocratic leadership Autocratic leadership is also termed as authoritarian leadership. It is identified by the individual control over all decision of the organization where others have little or no input in it. The acceptance of ideas from the group members is rarely granted and the decisions are based on the leaders ideas and judgments. The members are rarely trusted in taking decisions or important tasks. Out of the box thinking and creativity is always discouraged and the members have to follow the dictated structure by the leader. This brings resentment among the group members. People may dislike the decision that is imposed by the leader. This also impairs the morale of the group as the members start to feel dissatisfied and stifled (Rast III, Hogg Giessner, 2013; Dinh et al., 2014). Required leadership for managing the situation There is a clear need of change in the leadership style to manage and bring back the beauty and harmony in the center for which, collaborative leadership style is best suited. This type seeks assistance from the members and allows them to present their view in the meeting. The welcomed views from the members are considered before implementing the necessary arrangements in the organization (Orchard Rykhoff, 2015; Broome Marshall, 2016). Interpersonal communication skill is required in order to implement this kind of leadership in the Early Childhood Education and Care or ECCE I am working in. It can help in handling the situation and provide a positive outcome. As a leader, I need to use the knowledge and skills of interpersonal communication (Lane, 2016). Now relate the case with the interpersonal communication and collaborative leadership and propose possible solution. In this type, people exchange information, meaning and feelings through non-verbal or verbal modes (Castaneda, 2016). It can also be the sharing of information among the team members. Various skills are required to properly conduct the interpersonal communication among the group members. To overcome the failure of the current management and leader, as a leader I need to use the skills to bring changes in the Montessori. Some important skills and knowledge are required to deal with the case in hand. Effective listening Effective listening is an important part of interpersonal communication. I need to adopt the skill to work effectively as a leader, what is missing in current leaders as they dont bother to listen to the teachers. Jumping to conclusions without completely listening to the matter should be avoided at with utmost priority (Tyagi, 2013; dartmouth.edu., 2017). I should listen to all the members of the school and take all the views into consideration before taking decision. Also need to seek for help from the knowledgeable people. Two way communication Two way communications is essential in the interpersonal communication. As a leader, I need to engage the group members in this type of communication in order to have a flow of idea that can bring changes in the institution (Berger, 2014). Developing Relationship Relationship development is another skill that needs to be acquired. It can help in the process of interviewing. I will have a short period of time to make a positive first impression. Developing this skill will help me interviewing the teachers and the management and seek their opinion on the matter before taking any decision. This process will help to make them believe that their opinions are valued by the management which will in term create healthy relation in the school (Fussell Kreuz, 2014; repec.org, 2017). Non-verbal Communication Nonverbal communication is another important skill used in interpersonal communication. Here, I need to understand and read the face of my colleagues to have an idea if the conversation is transparent or they are having trouble understanding (Adler, Rodman DuPr, 2016). Asking Question Asking questions or opinion of the members on a daily basis is important. Then I will be able to have a clear idea of the satisfaction level of the teachers in the center. In the case of the Montessori, I use these skills with collaboration with Mediation, Interview, Oral Presentation and Conflict Management for handling. The first thing that I need to do is the conflict management, where I identified the issue of the conflict. As the leader of the school, it responsibility vested in me to handle the issue and bring required changes. For that process, it was wise to take interview of the colleagues, mediation and oral presentation to resolve the issue. Interview helped to understand the teachers perspective of the issue and oral presentation helped to communicate with the members and describe the steps taken in order to change. Action Plan From the above case, it is necessary to implement an action plan to change the system and bring working environment in the school. First of all, the mix classroom has to be divided into parts. Children under age group 2-3 year will be separated from the rest of the children and put in one class. This way, they will have more opportunity to represent and develop their skills. 4-6 year students will be put into a separate class. The course will be set accordingly with their interest and level, so that no child will be left bored. The current system of working will be replaced by target based model, where course will be set according to the purpose and necessary. The communication between the teachers and the management, which is absent in the current scenario, will be established to bring the best outcome for the school. Opinion of all will be taken into consideration (Andrews, 2017). Reflection Reflection provides the detailed understanding of the case from the authors point of view. Significant issues and event that I faced during the case will be discussed in the following part. The purpose of the reflection section is to provide the reader with a firsthand experience of the case. The main problem that has been identified in the in the case is the communication problem. The current management in the institution is autocratic, which needs to be changed as it does not work in a Montessori. I think it needs to be replaced by collaborative leadership style. According to my opinion, there are barriers created by the management to keep the teaching staffs and the management staffs separated. All the decisions and taken by the management without consulting with the teachers who actually participate in running the school and handling the children. Their opinion should be given utmost priority. Another issue in the school is the mix classroom system that varies from other Montessori. The present structure should be replaced by the normal structure as proposed in the case analysis. As the director has appointed me in the position of management to bring changes in the Montessori, it was important for me to consider different leadership style and implement the best suited implement in the matter. In the process of learning leadership styles and skills, I came to know about the necessity skills required for becoming a leader is the closely related to the daily life. I found many of my skills and knowledge helpful in operating the as the leader with the help of interpersonal communication. My effective listening skill, relationship buildup ability gave me an advantage in the case. On the other hand, the teachers of the school showed many expectations from their new leader. It is in my positive ground that they match with my leadership style. They expect to play more active role in decision making for the betterment of the school. They also seek more interaction with the leader. As mentioned earlier in the report, collaborative leadership demands various interpersonal skills. In order to properly play the role of a leader, in needed to learn and brush-up different skills that was required in this scenario. It gave me the opportunity to implement my expert listening skills and relationship build-up skill which is essential. Moreover, these skills are also mandatory for a school teacher to perform their duty. On to it, different skills like two way communication, nonverbal communication, and opinion seeking method was necessary for me to learn. These skills are not only essential for leadership, but also effective in the field of teaching. The challenges that are identified in the case are very common leadership management issues that can be often seen. These are some obvious reasons for the failure of a company or organization. Primarily, the current leadership management in practice is totally inappropriate for this setting which in this case is a Montessori. Autocratic management can never be used in a school setting. The primary challenge that I could identify is the communication gap. The gap is created by the management with the teacher due to their chosen style of leadership. As a leader, my primary duty will be to change the leadership style in practice and replace it with a more communicative one which is collaborative leadership style. Different approaches that are mentioned in the text needs to be utilized in resolving the issue. Relation building method, effective listening, two way communication, developing relationship method and nonverbal communication are some of the examples that are mentioned and I th ink will be useful in resolving the issue. It will help to bridge the gap between management and the teaching staffs of the school, which will result in better management of the school. This step is necessary as the teachers understand the needs of the school better than the management. It is observed that the poor decision from the management part of including the age group 2-6 years in one mix classroom created chaos in the school and disturbed the environment. The teachers understand the situation and know what needs to be done where the current management fails. Hence, the teachers are to be included to resolve the problem and their opinion will be given priority. Considering the current situation of the institute, I proposed an action plan which includes the teachers for solving similar issues. It advocates their engagement for understanding the issues in the mix classroom atmosphere as they are the ones in it. So it is of absolute necessity. Secondly, the class will be separated for the age group 2-3 years and 3-6 years as they require different attentions. I think it will provide more opportunity for them to represent and develop their skills and knowledge. Finally, the course will be set in accordance with the level of the students. The correct course will help them to show better response and develop faster. For this, the involvement of the teaching faculties is of absolute necessity. The case has supplemented a great deal in growing my skills as a leader. To be more specific, it increased my interpersonal and intrapersonal skills as these are the prime requirement for becoming a good leader in this context. Some of the pre inhabited skills such as relationship development and effective listening skills are brushed up thanks to this case as they are of absolute necessary for achieving this level of leadership. On to it, the some others skills I had to learn in the process are two way communication, nonverbal communication and interview method. These skills have proven much help in the course of this case. I believe these are not limited in this field and it will also come handy in the future life. Conclusion From the above case study analysis, it can be concluded that the Montessori under study is in need of new leadership which has been discussed thoroughly in the text. A thorough description of the analysis of the case is given in the report. Identification of the issue in the management is also highlighted in the report. The proposal of the solution is suggested in the report is based on the issues and reflect the accordingly. At the end of the report, a reflection is provided for the reader to get a proper firsthand idea of the scenario. Reference Adler, R., Rodman, G. R., DuPr, A. (2016).Understanding human communication. Oxford University Press. Andrews, M. C. (2017). Supporting Conflict Resolution in an Early Childhood Montessori Environment. Broome, M. E., Marshall, E. S. (2016). Collaborative Leadership Contexts: Networks, Communication, Decision Making, and Motivation.Transformational Leadership in Nursing: From Expert Clinician to Influential Leader, 121. Berger, C. R. (Ed.). (2014).Interpersonal communication(Vol. 6). Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Castaneda, D. E. (2016).Leadership based on Montessori's values for early childhood administrators(Doctoral dissertation, Saint Mary's College of California). dartmouth.edu., (2017). guideline. Retrieved 11 August 2017, from https://www.dartmouth.edu/~ombuds/resources/communication.html Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Fussell, S. R., Kreuz, R. J. (2014).Social and cognitive approaches to interpersonal communication. Psychology Press. Lane, S. D. (2016).6Interpersonal communication: Competence and contexts. Routledge. Lillard, A. S. (2013). Playful learning and Montessori education.American journal of play,5(2), 157. Orchard, C., Rykhoff, M. (2015). Collaborative Leadership within Interprofessional Practice. InLeadership and Collaboration(pp. 71-94). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Randolph, J. M., Rosenstein, D. L. W., Michaels, S. (2014).Montessori education for improving academic and behavioral outcomes among elementary students. The Campbell Collaboration. Rast III, D. E., Hogg, M. A., Giessner, S. R. (2013). Self-uncertainty and support for autocratic leadership.Self and Identity,12(6), 635-649. repec.org, (2017). interpersonal communication skill, Retrieved 11 August 2017, from https://ftp://ftp.repec.org/opt/ReDIF/RePEc/rau/journl/WI13S/REBE-WI13S-A44.pdf Tyagi, B. (2013). Listening: An important skill and its various aspects.The Criterion An International Journal in English,2(12), 1-8.

Union profile of public service alliance of Canada

Free Essays on United Parcel Service

History UPS began in 1907 when 19 year-old, James E. Casey, borrowed $100 from a friend in which he used to establish the American Messenger company in Seattle, Washington. Shortly thereafter it began to deliver small packages for local department stores and in 1913 changed its name to Merchants Parcel Delivery. UPS then pioneered the idea of consolidated delivery in which they would combine packages onto one truck addressed to a certain neighborhood. In 1929, it opened United Air Express, which offered package delivery to all major West Coast cities and became the first air delivery service. By the 1930’s it has consolidated efforts in New York City and innovated the first mechanical system for package sorting. In early 1950’s, UPS managers began to search for new endeavors since it was clear that their contract service with retail stores was limited. UPS decided to compete with the US postal service in that it would acquire, â€Å"common carrier rights to deliver packages b etween all customers, both private and commercial† (ups.com). Before the 1950’s, federal regulations prohibited UPS from transferring packages between state borders without authorization. Therefore many parts of the country were restricted from UPS services. â€Å"Over three decades, UPS systematically fought to obtain authorization to ship freely in all 48 contiguous states† (ups.com). Finally in 1975, the Interstate Commerce Commission granted UPS the authority to extend services throughout every state, and UPS became the first delivery company to serve every United States address. Once conquering full domestic service rights, UPS began to expand internationally. â€Å"UPS first went international in 1975 when it offered services within Toronto†. By the 1985 UPS had established air service between the United States and six European countries. Also by the1980’s, the demand for air delivery and faster service had dramatically increased. In order to adjust,... Free Essays on United Parcel Service Free Essays on United Parcel Service History UPS began in 1907 when 19 year-old, James E. Casey, borrowed $100 from a friend in which he used to establish the American Messenger company in Seattle, Washington. Shortly thereafter it began to deliver small packages for local department stores and in 1913 changed its name to Merchants Parcel Delivery. UPS then pioneered the idea of consolidated delivery in which they would combine packages onto one truck addressed to a certain neighborhood. In 1929, it opened United Air Express, which offered package delivery to all major West Coast cities and became the first air delivery service. By the 1930’s it has consolidated efforts in New York City and innovated the first mechanical system for package sorting. In early 1950’s, UPS managers began to search for new endeavors since it was clear that their contract service with retail stores was limited. UPS decided to compete with the US postal service in that it would acquire, â€Å"common carrier rights to deliver packages b etween all customers, both private and commercial† (ups.com). Before the 1950’s, federal regulations prohibited UPS from transferring packages between state borders without authorization. Therefore many parts of the country were restricted from UPS services. â€Å"Over three decades, UPS systematically fought to obtain authorization to ship freely in all 48 contiguous states† (ups.com). Finally in 1975, the Interstate Commerce Commission granted UPS the authority to extend services throughout every state, and UPS became the first delivery company to serve every United States address. Once conquering full domestic service rights, UPS began to expand internationally. â€Å"UPS first went international in 1975 when it offered services within Toronto†. By the 1985 UPS had established air service between the United States and six European countries. Also by the1980’s, the demand for air delivery and faster service had dramatically increased. In order to adjust,...

Communication in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication in Economics - Essay Example hased in by internet and there new governmental entities such as the City of Tucson City Council trying to impose similar sales imposition to raised their revenues. This paper provides an analysis of the pros and cons on the internet sales tax controversy. The government always wants to get their hands in any revenue generating scheme at any cost. The base by which critics refuse to recognize the right of a city such as Tucson to impose city tax sales is that most of the transactions are occurring outside their regional jurisdiction. If an online store is located in Toronto, Canada how does a government official justify that they have the right of collecting a sales tax from a Tucson citizen for purchasing good from that store. It is an outrageous claim by these city officials that such a transaction is legitimate. That is the as saying that a resident that goes to Canada on a tourism leisure trip should pay taxes to the cities on the purchase they make during their vacation. The timing and precise location of where the transaction took place is also an argument against the bureaucrats illogical idea. If the resident of Tucson goes outside the city borders with their laptop and makes a purchase in an online store in a different city t here is not way that Tucson would be eligible for a sales tax since the person was not in Tucson when the purchase was made. Their sales taxing system if approved would attempt and successful collect the tax due to the shipping address in Tucson which since the information taxing system does not differentiate between transactions since it is impossible to know where the actual took place when dealing with a virtual transaction. Governmental officials and lobbyist for taxing internet sales have a different perspective on the issue. To them not taxing internet sales is a discriminatory move against local merchants which are obligated to charge people sales tax, a move which raises the price of the items purchased. The merchants with

What is 'News' Examine critically and discuss how it is constructed Essay

What is 'News' Examine critically and discuss how it is constructed and produced - Essay Example There is furthermore a tendency for news organs to try to vary their content - an excellent example is in the UK where the TV news bulletins, even on days which are dominated by â€Å"bad news† stories, will usually end with a piece of light relief - so much so that popular mythology has it that a certain news-caster was fired when his over-mirthful reaction to one such item was accidentally aired. Newspapers also follow this format - in most countries the â€Å"serious† news being placed at the beginning of a publication, with less serious issues such as TV listings, sports and letters being placed later in the publication. However, the advent of 24 hour TV news stations such as CNN, BBC World and Euronews, along with the massive expansion of the internet, has made significant changes to the ways that media construct their reports. A vast amount of effort is now put into gathering news, and once consequence of this is that news media are no longer able to manage the flow of news as comprehensively as in the past, nor to restrict access to what information the public will become privy to. Throughout history individuals, organizations and governments have sought to control public access to information. In this they have been sometimes aided and sometimes obstructed by the organs of the media which deliver that information. In particular newspapers in many countries have, until recently, tended to follow the guidance, or even censorship, which governments have imposed on them. However, more recently this has become a less followed path for news media. This greater independence appears to spring form several disparate sources. Firstly - the burgeoning of the internet has provided a new and largely unregulated source of news material. Items that mainstream news media might have previously not reported are now in the public domain. To fail to report these would leave the traditional media open to allegations of news manipulation, scorn and

Assessment of Creedmoor Addiction Treatment Center Term Paper

Assessment of Creedmoor Addiction Treatment Center - Term Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that  Creedmoor Addiction Treatment Centre embraces their unwavering commitment to prevent, treat and eliminate childhood disease. Some of the entities that make up their organization are hospital, research and foundation. Each of these is vital in their effort to give hope, care and cure to patients today and tomorrow.   It is a three-year-old bravely drug and substance abuse or a research team discovering an important cure for a disease.   It is also the generous support by their community and loyal customers in providing funds and supporting their growing care, advanced clinical care, innovative research and continuing with education and patient care space needs.According to the essay findings to lay a strong foundation, ATC   should embrace their unwavering commitment to prevent, treat and eliminate drug and substance abuse. Some of the entities that make up their organization are hospital, research and foundation. Each of these is vital in their effort to give hope, care and cure to patients today and tomorrow.   It is a three-year-old bravely fighting cancer, or a research team discovering an important cure for a disease.   It is also the generous support by their community and loyal customers in providing funds and supporting their growing care, advanced clinical care, innovative research and continuing with education and patient care space needs.

Theories Compare And Contrast Nursing Essay

Theories Compare And Contrast Nursing Essay Draper states that nursing theory is a tool This simile, although quite crude, captures the notion of goal orientation that a nursing theory is said to require. Drapper focuses on two goals that a nursing theory has or should have in view. First, a nursing theory serves as a framework to provisionally understand some part of the nursing world by identifying relevant phenomena that need examining, and second, it identifies a special task of nursing, i.e. to postulate an ideal world of nursing. It is the combination of ideas, explanations, relations, and assumptions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project. Actually theory is an idea or mixture of ideas that is suggested to explain phenomena. For understanding of theory, it is important to learn about the concept, conceptual frame work, and other elements of the theory. Nursing theories have greater impact on todays nursing, it helps in education, nursing care, and research. In this paper I am discussing the Or em theory and Roy adaption model, and will compare and contrast to conclude the better applicability of it. Orems theory Every human has the capability to perform self-care and maintain his/her health and life met paradigm of the theory is human, health, environment, and nursing. Orems theory is made up of three related theories Theory of self-care Theory of self-care deficit Theory of nursing process First is theory of self-care, Orem explains that if individual can attain all the needs are capable for self-care. Self-care comprises those activities performed independently by an individual to promote and maintain personal well-being throughout life. She suggested that human beings are capable and responsible for taking action to adjust their health, and life. The term she provided to this capability to take action on ones own behalf is self-care agency. The second is self-care deficit theory, which tells us that human beings have some need for survival, and are capable to attain it for health, and life. Human beings take some action to attain their needs and sustain life, which is called therapeutic self-care demand. When these actions are insufficient to fulfill all or part of the therapeutic self-care demand (needs), a self-care deficit develops. In this way the person is unable to perform and manage everything she/he needs to maintain health, and life. Third is theory of nursi ng process, to develop and organize an action plan that connects the identified gap between self-care agency and therapeutic self-care demand. (Whitener, 1998, PG). It build up the capabilities to meet their self-care, for example a person is unable to maintain his health. In this way the nurses will help the person to perform the needed action, or find someone to assist in the performance of the actions. Nursing goal focuses to overcome human limitation for needs and self-care. Nursing process is further divided in to nursing practice and fundamental nursing science. Nursing practice is based on observation, judgment and decision in nursing practice.it is evidence based practice awareness and critical thinking in nursing practice. Critical thinking further divide into diagnostic, prescriptive, regulatory and control evaluation. Orem explains five ways, on the basis of that nurses can help their patients in enhancing self-care: acting and doing for others, guiding, supporting, promoting personal development and teaching. Roy Nursing Model Roy developed adaptation model of nursing, and define the delivery of nursing care. Roy explain the Human beings as a set of interrelated system(psychological, biological, and social).human beings are in struggle to bring equilibrium between their system and environment. Human beings are facing factor (stimuli) from the environment, which alter the balance between the individual and environment. Stimuli may be external or internal which help or hinder in the process of adaptation. To bring balance human beings develop coping mechanism (behavior) to the stressor. It is a framework between environment and human beings, and stimuli, human beings changes his capabilities for adaptation.it also comprises the four domain concepts of person, health, environment, and nursing. In Roys model goal for nursing is to help in adaptation to improve person health, quality of life, and dying with dignity. These are four modes which she used in her model are physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence. She used six step nursing process assessment of behavior, assessment of stimuli, nursing diagnosis, goal sitting, intervention, and evaluation. It is a complete process, on the basis of which we can do assessment and plan for intervention to get the desire goal. Roys model has three basic concepts: the human being, adaptation, and nursing. The human being is continually interacting with the environment (stimuli), and nursing is the helping to bring balance and adaptation. The person has two major internal processing subsystems, the regulator and the cognator. These subsystems are the mechanisms used by human beings to cope with stimuli from the internal and external environment. The regulator mechanism works through the autonomic nervous system and includes chemical, neural, and perception pathways. This mechanism prepares the individual for coping with environmental stimuli. The cognator mechanism includes emotions, perception, processing, learning, and judgment. There are three types of stimuli focal, contextual, and residual. Important factors in all human beings adaptation include developmental stage, family and culture. In the same way adaptation level of the life process is explained on three different levels: integrated, compensatory, and compromised. Adaptation is a mechanism in which a person is coping mentally, physically, socially, spiritually and emotionally. Nursing role in adaptation process is to help out in adaptation and improve capabilities. Roy adaptation model has a great implication in nursing care, education, and research. Compare and contrast between the Orem and Roy nursing theory Dorothy Orems Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roys Adaptation Model are grand nursing theories, but their applicability are the same as the middle range theory. The grand nursing theories consist of conceptual model, which find out the main point of nursing investigation and monitor the development of mid-range theories that will be suitable to nurses and as well as to other health professionals. According to Walker and Avant (2011), these theories contributed in conceptually sorting the nursing from the practice of medicine by demonstrating the presence of distinct nursing perspectives. Orems Health Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roys Adaptation Model are compared and analyzed for their importance in nursing. The main aim and purpose of the nursing theories is to provide nursing care to the human beings. Orem and Roy nursing theories based on the interrelating framework, which emphasis on the nursing practice. Therefore these theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and help in communication between the nurses, and provide supervision to the researches and education.in both theories the nursing process are the same, first we do assessment, identify the problems, plan goal, intervention , and evaluation. They used the different word for nursing but the process and approach are the same. Orem and Roy used the same paradigms system which is related to nursing-person, health, environment, and nursing-are basic and important to nursing practice, but the main focus is health and improvement of life. Today the main focus of health professionals is prevent illness, give medication, and implementation. These paradigm have greater relation with each other, help in every intervention of nursing as well as the other professionals. In both of the models age, past experiences, developmental, and sociocultural environment influences the individuals. These factors are directly and indirectly affect the person for self-care and adaptation with the internal and external environment. Nurses, patients, other family members, and environment are involved to improve capabilities, possibilities to attain necessary needs to sustain life and growth Furthermore, Zarkowska and Clements (1994) share Orems (1991) concept of the dynamic interplay between social, physical, environmental and psychological issues in relation to the adjustment of personal behaviors. They suggest that it is through the manipulation of the environmental settings, triggers, human actions and responses that an individual can be motivated to adjust personal behavior. In both models the nurses assess patients potential and capabilities to attain their needs, nurse select the most appropriate and effective process and take actions survival and health. Orem and Roy model are preventive and rehabilitative nursing models. In the Orem nursing theory, she focus on the needs which are required for sustaining life, growth and development. It is used for rehabilitation and as a primary care, in which the individual is encouraged to be independent. The main purpose of this theory is to assess the individual at different level and provide care accordingly to the needs .Roy model of adaptation is also a rehabilitative and preventive model, according to her nursing is a service to the society. Human beings have the capabilities to change the stimuli or adapt the stimuli to promote health and life. Adaptation is a positive response to the surrounding environment and changes; it is the response from the individual and choice to bring equilibrium between self and environment. Before the stimuli to harm the individual, individual responded to the stimuli to build adaptation. The goal of adaptation is build coping mechanism to achieve survival, de velopment and mastering to the stimuli. Orems and Roys nursing theories, addressed each theory with respect to the four meta-paradigms of nursing, and finally compared the one meta-paradigm of health across both theories. This analysis has shown that Orems theory is more occupied with activities that promote health, while Roys theory is more concerned with where the patient stands on the health-illness continuum and how he can be brought to greater wholeness. It is argued that Orem nursing theory is always applicable; it is only a theoretical model. Orem model only focus the individual, that each individual has the capabilities to perform self-care. Every person will perform activities for his/ her needs to survive, maintain growth, health, and life. (Polit Henderson p. 103). The fundamental principle of the model is that individual will take responsibility for his/ her health and the health of other; it is the main drawback in her theory.in Roy model the there are four adaptive modes for survival, physiological, role function, self-concept, and interdependence mode.it means that Roy adaptive model focus on different perspective of the patient. In Roys Adaptation Model, humans are bios psychosocial adaptive systems who cope with environmental change through the process of adaptation. (Polit Henderson, p. 104). Orem theory has one limitation i.e. it doesnt not comprise all aspects of care and needs of a specific client. Therefore some dilemma and miss conception has been found with Orem theory, having unclear definition of family, community, nurse society relationship, and public education area. Although the family, community and environment are considered in self-care action, the focus is primarily on the individual (Balabagno, et.al, 2006). Roy model explain the definition of family, community, environment and nurse society relationship it is the nurse role to enhance capabilities in situation of health and illness and to improve the involvement of human systems with the environment, and promote survival (Roy Andrew, 1999, p.55) The most noticeable limitation of Orem theory is that in her theory, she did not explain well the individual emotional needs. She focuses on physical care and provides limited stress to psychological care. Roy nursing model explains it very well in detail, but at the same time it needs time and deep knowledge for understanding.. Orems theory of self-care is more applicable to acute care settings, whereas Roys adaptation model is more useful in the chronic care setting as elaborated by Alligood and Tommy (2010). The assessment process in adaptation model takes longer time and often happens to be a repetitive process for various components of assessment. So, in acute care setting like in emergency care and in ICU, a less need to adaptation to stimuli is less pronounced. However, self-care model is more applicable in acute care settings. Moreover, Self-care model incorporate concepts of nursing process as developed by American Nursing Association (ANA) that are espoused by North American Nursing Application in nursing Every theory has its own implications and importance in nursing, both the theories have greater impact on todays nursing, it help in education, nursing care, and research. Dorothy Orems Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roys Adaptation Model are using as a grand nursing theories, but their applicability are the same as the middle range theory. Orem and Roy nursing theories based on the interrelating framework, which emphasis on the nursing practice. These theories follow the same approaches, both the theories help in curriculum development, and nursing care to prioritize the nursing needs. After discussion I conclude that Orem nursing theory is best suited in the clinical practice. Orem nursing theory is more applicable in hospital set up and community, and based on the evidence base critical decision. The self-care theory associates the patient assessments with nursing diagnosis, expected patient outcome, discharge planning, quality assurance, clinical research, and exter nal agency reports. Many researches has been done on the Orem nursing theory application in different area of health .it is applicable acute care units, ambulatory clinics, community, nursing homes, hospice, and rehabilitation center. Orem theory is applicable to a variety of patients, specific diseases, chronic disease, alcoholic, head and neck surgery, arthritis, and cardiac condition (Conway, McMillan, Solman, 2006). This theory is also applicable to different ages, children, and mother with newborns. Conclusion All the nursing theories have their significances; nursing theories create new approaches, and method to nursing practice. Theories challenge the existing knowledge and practice, and change the structure of laws and principle. The main purpose of theory is to improve nursing practice, and the goal is guide the nursing practice. We are familiar that nursing practices are totally based on theories. We are using these theories directly and indirectly in our practice, but it that variety of definitions and concepts explain in nursing theories does not predict anything. It cannot be applied to the clinical practice and have a little impact on nursing practice. All the concepts, paradigm, and frame work guide and provide rationale for practice, but due to advancement in practices the incorporation become problematic.

charles schulz :: essays research papers

Perseverance and failure cannot coexist. Failure happens when you quit. When all is said and done, perseverance, commonly referred to as "stick-to-itiveness," is the ultimate success insurance. Nothing can take its place. -Charles Schulz Charles Schulz has persevered through most of his life to ensure that Americans can laugh when they receive the news paper every morning. He worked every day through cancer and wars and even the death of his parents. In a career that spanned nearly 50 years, Schulz drew more than 18,250 "Peanuts" comic strips, which expressed a droll philosophy through his trademark characters, including the hapless, angst-ridden Charlie Brown; Snoopy, a romantic, self-deluded beagle; piano-playing Schroeder; security-blanket toting Linus; and self-centered Lucy. No adult was ever pictured, though the garbled voice of a teacher or parent occasionally resonated in the background. In the beginning "Peanuts" debuted in 1950 and went on to be the most widely read comic strip in the world, with an audience of 355 million in 75 countries. It ran in 2,600 newspapers and was published in 21 languages, including Serbo-Croatian, Chinese, and Tlingit. In a tribute to Schulz, President Clinton said, "For 50 years his keen eye, his good and generous heart, and his active brush and pen have given life to the most memorable cast of characters to ever enliven our daily papers." Schulz died the night before his last strip ran in Sunday papers. In his swan song, he included a signed farewell: "I have been grateful over the years for the loyalty of our editors and the wonderful support and love expressed to me by fans of the comic strip." Born to draw Schulz was born on Nov. 26, 1922, in Minneapolis. He knew from an early age that he was destined to draw comics. As a child, he always had pen in hand. Schulz used the pen for illustrating, not homework, as he flunked several courses in high school. At age 15, Ripley's Believe It or Not accepted a drawing of his dog, Spike, "a hunting dog that eats pins, tacks, and razor blades." He served in World War II in France and Germany. After the war, he dabbled in comics, freelancing for several newspapers and magazines. He drew "Li'l Folks," the predecessor to "Peanuts," for the St. Paul (Minn.) Pioneer Press. In 1950 the United Feature Syndicate began running the strip as "Peanuts," a name Schulz despised. It took several years for the strip to catch on, but when it did, the fire rapidly spread.

Graffiti and Popular Culture Essay

The treatment of popular culture is usually dichotomized by the contrast of its being popular because it is patronized by the greatest number of a society’s population and by its being popular because of its proliferation for the benefit of the upper class of the society which greatly utilizes it as a powerful mechanism of subjugation. Sociologists are divided between opposite views. Nevertheless, popular culture does not always reside on the opposites. It can be also perceived as something that is between the asserted ownership of the masses and the powerful mechanism of few powerful persons. Accordingly, popular culture is a dialectical process brought about by the enforcement of it from above of the societal structure to the acquisition of it from underneath the societal structure. This claim is highly supported by Hall in pointing out that popular culture is actually a twofold advancement of restraint and opposition. While forces from above of the society are using popular culture as an instrument of suppression, it is also an instrument of struggle for the lower forces of the society. In the task of discovering popular culture as a dialectical process, it is a convenient endeavor to first define the popular and cultural aspect of popular culture. The usual definition must be first discussed. After will be the elaboration of Hall’s perception regarding the popular culture. Finally, an example on the practical application of Hall’s view regarding popular culture must be supplied. As Raymond Williams stated, the word popular is actually derived from the word â€Å"popularis†, a Latin word which means â€Å"belonging to the people†. In the early introduction of the word popular, it is often used to attribute to the connotation of things regarding the â€Å"most known† and â€Å"the most common†. Also it refers to the â€Å"most favored†. At some point of the introductory use of the word, it has rested on referring to neutrality. However, the most common definition of the word popular up to the present time is still referring to the â€Å"most familiar†. This definition has leaded the way to the attribution of the word popular to greatest number of people in most societies, which basically composes the lower stratum of societies. It is because people in the lowest stratum of the society are generally the greatest constituent of societies. Thus, the term popular is attributed to the largest part of the population of a society, which is mainly the masses. In characterizing the meaning of the word â€Å"culture†, it is an inevitable task to delve into the schemes and symbols of societal structures which include traditions, customs, common convictions, and remnants that represents the history of constituents of a society. The transfer of these schemes and symbols of societal structure from generation to generation is also an important feature of the meaning of the word â€Å"culture† Anthropologists are similar with the abovementioned definition of culture. This definition is actually considered as the most usual definition of culture: So, what do we mean by culture? A fairly typical view, both in common language and in the way anthropologists have approached their work, sees culture as a shared body of custom, reproduced through time that makes societies distinctive. It seems that there is a certainty in the definition of culture. However, the definition of culture is not always perceived as something that is unchanging and immobile. Its definition is also viewed as something that is changing depending on the context and reference. Deducing from the generally acknowledged definition of popular culture, the popular aspect and cultural aspect of the definition of popular culture can be generated. Popular culture is then quoted because it denotes the popularity of a culture which represents symbols, customs, traditions and beliefs in a society. Consequently, popular culture also embodies the characteristics, qualities, and features of a particular or a general popular belief, custom, tradition, object, or idea. Popular culture is popular because it is owned by the populace. It is the most accessible and pervasive type of culture. This is so because it transcends barriers. At some times even the economic aspect of life is crossed by popularity of popular culture. The popularity of popular culture goes beyond race, ethnicity, and generation, location of residence, country, sexuality and gender. Popular culture caters to the largest number of people that it can cater. As much as possible the availability of a form of popular culture is extended to myriad arrays of cultural categories. To achieve the extension of popular culture, products of it is manufactured and created in such a way that it is culturally neutral. This only means that products of popular culture are not inclined in any side of the spectrum of cultural categories. Anyone who consumes or support any form of popular culture is expected to closely relate the product of popular culture in his or her personality. This relation greatly concerns the cultural inclination of the person. Therefore, products of popular culture are expected to be owned by everyone irrespective of gender, sexuality, age, nationality, and ethnicity. Even though, popularity transcends the barrier of cultural preference and partiality, popularity also paves the way for the correspondence of a popular culture to a specific cultural leaning. Every cultural category such as gender, sexuality, age, ethnicity, or nationality create and device a unique and peculiar fashion of giving meaning to the experience of popular culture. Each cultural category glace at different angles in considering and experiencing popular culture. In example, gender creates a distinguishing manner of the experience of popular culture. It concerns the interplay of the masculinity, femininity and bisexuality of the experience of a certain product of popular culture. In the occurrence of encountering popular culture, the masculinity, femininity or bisexuality of a person can be demonstrated. This is evident in the myriad choices of products that are sold. The product catering to masculine male is different from a product catering to a feminine male or masculine female or a bisexual. The notion of popular culture in the view of Hall is generally concerned on the interpretation of the whole experience of a product or a medium of popular culture. The meaning of the experience does not reside solely on the intention of the producer of a certain product or of the encoder of the meaning. It also does not depend on the creation of meaning of the consumer of the product or of the encoder of the meaning. The origin of Hall’s views can be traced back to his belief that the employment of language concerns context of power and institutions. In the utility of language, persons become active agents as well as beneficiary of meaning. Therefore persons are perceived as generators and at the same time consumers of culture simultaneously. For Hall, it is erroneous to assume that persons as consumer and generator only absorb the experience of popular culture without criticizing it. Usual persons performing the twofold role of being a generator and consumer possess the power of generating meaning and experiencing meaning. Persons are active and at same time passive. They are active, because they generate meaning of the popular culture experience from their constitution of meaning. They are passive because they are the receiver of the experience. Institutions and companies producing popular culture have no total control of the reactions and responses of persons that receive the experience. It is sure that they can impose and really impose there expected reaction of persons to a certain experience of popular culture. However, they cannot totally rely on their expectation. This is evident on the modifications that are made by these institutions on the improvement of their products and services. They need to create modifications so that their products and services somehow cater to the general public. And these modifications are based on the reactions and feedbacks of the consumers. In some essence, institutions and companies of popular culture production are also receiver of the meaning imposed by consumers on experiencing the product and service of companies and institutions. The theory of reception and textual analysis of Hall explicated the role of the consumer as an audience of a text encoded by institutions and firms of popular culture production. The idea of textual analysis explains that the audience or the consumer is always on the agreement and disagreement with the intentions of the producers of popular culture. In example, the meaning of a text of an experience varies from the point of view of the consumer and the producer. While the producer imposes the meaning by the limitation of the modes of expression of a text through packaging, the consumer does not always concur to the imposed meaning of the producer. The consumer creates a distinguished meaning about his or her experience. In creating this meaning, the element of cultural categories enters the picture. The meaning is created dependent on which cultural category does the consumer belongs. Sexuality, age, race, and economic power are the factors in the creation of meaning. Consequently, this creation of meaning results into either the dismissal or acceptance of the consumer regarding the imposed meaning of the producer of specific popular culture product or experience. Therefore the meaning of the experience rests at some point between the producer and the consumer. It is the interpretation that really matters and neither the interpreter which is in this case the consumer nor the interpreted which is the product or the service as a form of popular culture. Thus popular culture is constructed in dual movement of concurrence and opposition. And this dual movement of concurrence and opposition is the dialectical process of the experience and creation of meaning. In applying the notions and ideas of Hall regarding popular culture, the material must obviously display the elements of opposition and concurrence. Also it is note worthy if the chosen material is an interesting one. In the enterprise of applying the analysis of Hall, it is an appealing move to consider the production of graffiti as a cultural practice. The word graffiti came from the Italian word graffito which denotes an antique writing on a surface of a rock. In the recent time graffiti refers to sketches or illustrations usually of words and phrases on walls of public areas. The manner of sketching can be done through painting and spraying or scratching. Graffiti art has acquired its peak in the United States during the years 1970’s-1980’s. Based from the general definition of graffiti, it is inevitable to perceive this form of art as a deviant kind of activity. This is because graffiti is seen as a negative reaction to the forms and conventions of the usual accepted cannons of arts: As The graffiti subculture is a culture of opposition because it is perceived as deviant, and because the dominant culture limits and denies access to the kinds of specialized space suitable to the expression of graffiti subculture. The manner of making graffiti involves the painting of wall of a usually abandoned building or public area. Because of this, graffiti art is perceived as something that resists the prevailing standards of the society. It is viewed as a transgressing subculture. However for the graffiti artists, the activity is a different experience. Artists view their piece as something that is really note worthy and deserves public attention. Myriad of writers narrate their experience in coherence with each other. Graffiti writers said that they feel a poignant compensation every time that they are alone in the middle of the night and finding a specific public area to write or sketch their art . Many graffiti writers speak of their experiences of writing graffiti in similar terms. References to cities that have quieted in the night, and walls that the artist ‘owns’ for a short period of time are comparable to the soulful atonement that Walt Whitman often described when referring to being alone in nature. The same with their reputation, their art are viewed as something that is deviant and null and void of artistic values. They are ostracized in the whole realm of art. Worst is even their isolation is oblivious to the eyes of the society conforming to the standard of an artistic cultural activity. With this obliviousness, graffiti is still recognized. However, this recognition is accompanied by disgust and awfulness. It is perplexing that they are usually charged with cases of vandalism and destruction of private and public property because of utilizing walls of establishments they don’t own. This is because those walls they use are usually of buildings empty and have long been vacated and abandoned by the owners. Therefore, graffiti writers are often viewed as lawbreakers. Usually, graffiti artists do not really give emphasis on showing their art to the general public because their concern is limited in just the expression of themselves. Nevertheless, they also somehow want the appreciation of their masterpiece. This is the reason why graffiti art are often found on walls of buildings frequented by the public. Physical characteristics of graffiti yards include a degree of visibility that enables a piece to be seen from a passing car on a nearby street or freeway. Although pieces are not aimed directly at the general public, the artists do like their work to be seen and recognized. Even though graffiti art are disgusting to the general public, manufacturers of apparels and accessories have used the concept of graffiti to make their products sell like hot cakes. In this situation, the recognition of graffiti as a cultural activity took its place. As what Hall asserted, popular culture is dialectical process of resistance and agreement. In the case of the graffiti art, it is worth noting that the producers of the culture are denoted as deviant elements of the society. However it is ironic that the consumers of the graffiti art are the big institutions and companies that sell mass produced commodities. The graffiti art as a cultural activity is a clear example of a popular culture being received yet decided to be rejected or accepted. In the multinational companies’ attempt to use graffiti as a potential source of great profit, the disgusting art has been transformed into an acceptable enterprise. However the consumption of the products promoting graffiti art still depends on the cultural background and the power of person to dissent or agree on the attractiveness of it. References: 1. William, R. 1976, ‘Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society,’ Fontana, London. 2. Dressler, W. 2002, ‘A Working Definition of Culture’, Europhamil, [Online] Available at: http://www. europhamili. org/protect/media/96. pdf. 3. Esposito, R. 2005, ‘The Artistic Construction of a Counter Culture’ Graffiti [Online] Available at: http://www. graffiti. org/faq/esposito. html. 4. Bolivar, S. 1997, ‘†Bombing† L. A. : Graffiti Culture and the Contest for Visual Space’, McNair [Online] Available at: http://www-mcnair. berkeley. edu/97journal/Bolivar. html 5. Wittenberg, D. 2004,’Introduction: Extreme Mainstream’ Iowa [Online] Available at: http://www. uiowa. edu/~englgrad/ijcs/mainstream/mainintro. htm 6. Beazley, H. 2006, ‘The Temple of Hip Hop: Graffiti as form of Peaceful Conflict Resolution among Urban Youth in Brisbane’ University of Queensland [Online] Available at: http://www. uq. edu. au/acpacs/index. html? page=49559&pid=49559&ntemplate=645 7. Noble, C. 2004, ‘A Semiotic and Visual Exploration of Graffiti and Public Space in Vancouver’ Graffiti [Online] Available at: http://www. graffiti. org/faq/noble_semiotic_warfare2004. html 8. Christen, R. 2001, ‘Hi Hop Learning: Graffiti as an Educator of Urban Teenagers’ Sunsite [Online] Available at: http://sunsite. icm. edu. pl/graffiti//faq/graffiti_edu_christen. html 9. Hall, S. 1981,’Notes on Deconstructing the Popular† in People’s History and Socialist Theory’ Routledge, London. 10. Hall, S. 1973, ‘Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse’.

Comparison of Two Films essays

Comparison of Two Films essays In that paper, I will try to compare two films which are A Birth of a Nation directed by D.W.Griffith and The Bicycle Thieves directed by De Sica. After giving the story of the films, I will try to explain their technical features and their similarities. A Birth of a Nation by D. W. Griffith Griffith can be seen as the first 'modern' director, his greatest achievements being the historical epics The Birth Of A Nation. When it was released, it was one of the longest films ever made, over three hours in length. The prologue depicts the introduction of slavery to America in the seventeenth century and the beginnings of the abolitionist movement. The major part of the film depicts the events before, during and after the Civil War. It focuses on the exploitation of the newly-freed Negroes and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the south. Griffith shows it as a drama, a romance, and a documentary, with the vivid period reconstruction outweighing the personal stories. The title of the film is an interesting one. It is unknown whether the title refers to the birth of the reunited states, or the birth of the Ku Klux Klan. I tend to think that the film has a double meaning. In showing the Ku Klux Klan as good guys, it is obvious that Griffith was trying to show their birth as a positive event for the United States. Also, he was showing that the U.S. was once again reunited after the war, leading to the strengthening of the nation. It forebodes the future, when the South and the blacks living there are kept in check by the Ku Klux Klan , making the U.S. that much greater. Though it would be better to ignore this notion of the birth of the Ku Klux Klan, it cannot be due to the films content, although the film does show a truly united states. The film is an incredible piece of propaganda for both the Ku Klux Klan and the Jim Crow system. The Jim Crow system was undergirded by the follo...

Nathaniel Hawthorne (Literary Background)

Nathaniel Hawthorne (Literary Background) Free Online Research Papers Puritan heritage was a support and drawback for his work. His heritage gave him inspiration to write, but scine Puritan heritage saw fiction as vanity and an imitation of Gods creatures and creations, it also frowned upon his work. Hawthorne always tried to be mindful of imitating and analyzing human nature in his writings. He disected many human behaviors and reflected them in his writings. He wanted to expose human nature at its raw finest, and so he has done with his many works. Even though they are fictional, they are based on things he has witnessed Hawthorne read a great deal of romantic poetry and was influenced by all chief romantic poets, including, Williams Wordsmith, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Bryan, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats. Of these writers, Hawthorne was most influenced by the work of Coleridge. Coleridge gave Hawthorne the most insight and inspiration. Hawthorne is best known today for his many short stories and his four major romances written between 1850 and 1860: The Scarlet Letter (1850), The House of Seven Gables (1851), The Blithedale Romance (1852), and The Marble Faun (1860). His work was and still his praised for it’s sentimentality and moral purity. More modern evaluation focuses on the dark psychological complexity or his writing. Research Papers on Nathaniel Hawthorne (Literary Background)Mind TravelCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHip-Hop is ArtBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Logistics Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Logistics Term Paper - Essay Example However, to realize these benefits, shippers must meet the growing task of dealing with customs and compliance issues surrounding their participation in free-trade agreements. Promoting key relationships with shipping and intermediary partners is a necessary strategy in cross-border transportation between the US and Mexico. As the growth of NAFTA cross-border traffic regulations for Mexico continues to drive trade growth between the two countries, compliance and security issues continue to challenge transportation and logistics providers as well as shippers (Villarreal 67). There are considerable impediments for the efficient good movement between the two countries. Major hurdles derive from transaction costs which reduce and often eliminate the benefits gained from the removal of tariffs resulting from NAFTA. Transaction costs in this paper refers to cost not linked with direct transportation expenses like freight rates, but those that emerge from complying with security, safety and customs procedures, delays at border crossings and those linked with extra handling of goods as a result of lack of a harmonized transportation system (Lederman, Maloney, and Serven 112). These costs increases prices for traded goods and affect the demand for goods manufactured in these countries. Transaction costs arise from regulatory and infrastructure issue that add costs to the movement of goods. According to Frittelli (36) their quantifying is hard given the wide range of factors that affect trade and transportation in North America. A recent study estimated the total delay costs along the U.S.-Mexico border, at nearly $80 million (Tsui 9). It is hard to distinguish costs as a result border security regulations from those that are due to poor infrastructure or lack of harmonization. Particularly, as security regulations continue to evolve as emerging

Do Natural Disasters lead to internal conflict within a country Essay

Do Natural Disasters lead to internal conflict within a country - Essay Example The fact that natural disasters can have serious impact on the society and the people suggests that these need to be managed in a proper way (Shaw, 2011). If this does not happen, there would be immense problems for the entire civilization and the one that comes about as a result of the natural disasters and calamities existing within the region. The natural disasters are deemed as some of the most significant problems that have come about with the passage of time within this day and age. This is because they can come about suddenly and their drastic effects are something to get worried about (Perry, 2007). What is even more worsening is the fact that the natural disasters lead to an anarchic state and the people feel juxtaposed in terms of loss of property and even the loss of lives within their families and friends. The internal conflict can arise within a country because people might feel that since they have already lost their family members and their homes and property, they might as well claim control upon the property remains intact of others. It gives them the leeway to do whatsoever they feel like and thus exert their influence in more ways than one (Dyi, 2009). The internal conflicts do come about because the people have been hard done by. They have no other means to make both ends meet and the aid and help seem to be a far gone conclusion. What they can think best under these times is to seek refuge somewhere and this is only possible when they can play havoc with the system that exists within the country at that point in time. Similarly, they are also aware that they can create anarchy and mess by loot and plundering at that time because they might get back on their feet but they would not be able to become as rich as the well-off individuals of the society and it is best for them to e xploit the ways and means of the people who have seen good days within their lives (Stevens, 2008). Thus loot and plundering becomes the buzzword within such settings and for a number of different reasons, not all of which are based on problematic issues and concerns. The conflicts within a country can also come about in the wake of natural disasters if the select group of people is bent upon finding out where they can gain something or the other, and at any point in time within their lives. They are always waiting for an opportunity that they cash upon, and once they come to know of such concerns that emit from the aegis of the natural disasters, they seem to grab it with both hands, thinking less of the people who are already suffering or will suffer due to the calamity or catastrophe which has hit them (Mulligan, 2011). The earthquakes of Turkey, Haiti, Chile, Indonesia and Pakistan are some of the examples where contrasting features of conflict came about. The catastrophes that took place in these nations shook the basis of the people and their governments came in with drastic steps to take care of the local populace. The conflicts came in when the people realized that they would have to get their respective house in order so that sanity could prevail within their ranks (Rosowsky, 2011). These individuals create anarchy because they want to ransack the property and incur loses on the part of the government, partly in line with the shortcomings that the organizations and institutions, and basically the government has had in the dealing with the masses of the society. The underdeveloped countries are the worst hit – mainly because they have fewer avenues of proper infrastructure and

Transition Periods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Transition Periods - Essay Example How children react to transiting situations and how their teachers deal with them at such situations. According to the example in the article, the teacher feels helpless when he is unable to change children from playing to cleaning. These children would not listen to the clean up time voice from the keyboard because according to them their play time should continue endlessly. The reason as to why they feel that way is because they have recognized and adapted to the game time. The author states that children should be left alone to deal with transition periods so as to grow up only after ensuring that the classrooms activities are satisfying and age appropriate. The reason as to why children feel stressed up during transition period is because they feel uneasy, anxious and threatened by unpredictable situations. They feel more comfortable when faced with a predictable situation that they can quickly determine the outcome. Teachers also feel anxious when faced with transitional situations. They also prefer ongoing situations than unlikely situations that keep them worrying if everything is okay. The report also states various factors that lead to transitional anxiety including boredom. Waiting builds up anxiety, even the most composed children with good manners gets anxious when they are forced to wait. Insistence on uniformity, when children are forced to move uniformly, they get anxious and mostly they act in accordance with the way their teachers did when they were anxious. Unclear future also causes anxiety because children get scared to perform a task they are not familiar with or are not sure of its outcome. Most children fear failure. They get scared of a task if there is a probability of failure especially if the teacher has to be using praise on those children who do well. Clarification of tasks helps to reduce stress during the transition. When children know exactly what they are expected to do and the results that will come out of such a task,

Choosing hardware and input devices Essay Example for Free

Choosing hardware and input devices Essay Microsoft Publisher Microsoft Word Paint Internet Explorer This table shows all the applications I used to complete my coursework Name of Application Price Main Functions Advantages Disadvantages Microsoft Publisher i 49. 99 The main function of Microsoft publisher is to create websites, documents, cards, almost everything ETC. It is easy to create these kinds of things with Microsoft publisher. It is very easy to create websites cards etc. It takes a very long time to install on the computer. It runs in a very fast speed so it doesnt need time to load up. It can be very confusing and you need to know how to use it. It has so many design options, about over 1,000 professionally designed templates. You cant make very precise layouts because it doesnt have the precise tools. Microsoft Word i 49. 99 The main function of Microsoft office word is to create and also edit text, graphics in letters, reports, and web pages and also email messages. For this it has different functions like formatting text into different styles and formatting the font. Data can be imported from a spreadsheet to this so that a mail merge can be created. It is quite difficult to store data like Microsoft Access. If you get any mistakes it can be corrected so easily. Not everyone will be able to purchase it because it costs too much. The work can be saved so that it could be done at another time. If people start relying on the spell checker they might lose their spelling skills. Internet Explorer You dont need to purchase it because it is already installed on the operating software. The main function is that people have wide access to the information the want. The other function is that they can communicate, do a bit of shopping, and it can also be used for entertainment. Doesnt need to be purchased because its already installed on the operating software. Some information can be biased and inaccurate. Used for a lot of things E. G. Communication, shopping, gaming E. T. C Surfing the internet too much, can be addictive. It can be accessed by anyone in the world. Illegal sites always occur even if youre surfing the web carefully. Paint You dont need to purchase it because it is already installed on the operating software. The main function is to create drawings and to display scanned photos. The other function is to create pictures and diagrams. Doesnt need to be purchased because its already installed on the operating software. It cant store information in a table like Microsoft Access. You can draw logos, pictures E. T. C Older versions of it cannot open files that are from a newer version. It has a special image function which allows you to edit or change photos. It cannot type in text in different forms like Microsoft Office Word. Alternatives This table show the alternatives of the table above Name of Application Alternative Application The way it works Advantages Disadvantage Difference it would make if I used it Microsoft Publisher Adobe Dreamweaver The main function of Adobe Dreamweaver is to create mainly websites but other things can be made such as cards, magazines etc. Websites can be made much more accurately and much more precise than Microsoft word. It is much more expensive than Microsoft word so it cant be purchased by everyone. The main difference it makes is that I would be able to work more accurately and create better websites. However it is more complicated than Microsoft publisher so it will be hard to use. Website designers can make changes to the design of a website simply by editing the Dream Weaver template files. It is much more complicated than Microsoft word so itll be hard to use. Simple and complex websites can be designed using a point and click method. It takes much longer to install. Microsoft Word Open Office Writer The main function of is to create and edit text, reports, and web pages and email messages. For this it has different functions like formatting text into different styles. The wizard makes it easier for new beginners to use. The wizards appear too much which is distractible. The main difference is that I would be able to create and edit text, reports, web ages and email messages easier and much more accurate. It can connect to any existing database. It is less popular than Microsoft Office Access so not many people use it. You dont have do buy this but you can get it for free. For some people this could be hard to use because of the extra functions. Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox The main function is that people have wide access to the information the want. The other function is that they can communicate, do a bit of shopping, and it can also be used for entertainment. It is much quicker and faster than internet explorer. It is not supported by a small proportion of web sites. The main difference is that I would be able to gather information and surf the net much quicker than internet explorer. It has more security on it because it doesnt let pop ups through at all. With Mozilla Firefox some websites do not display properly. It has more design and looks better than Internet Explorer. Fire fox has to be bought separately if it is to be installed in the computer. Paint Paint. net It works in the same way as paint. But this has extra special features and they work by having a user interface which can automatically know something new directly. There are different versions for different operating softwares. People could get wrong versions and so they wouldnt work and they would have to buy new ones. The main difference is that I will be able to get help from the online forums If I did not no how to use it. Also if I make a mistake and I realise after a bit, then I will be able to go to that mistake because there is unlimited undos. It has online forums which makes it easy for members to get help from users. Some people wont understand it because it looks very complicated. There is an unlimited amount of pressing undo. It doesnt come supplied with computers from before so you have to buy it. Microsoft Publisher It is used for creating mainly websites. Microsoft Word It is used for typing in any kind of information. Internet Explorer It is used for getting information. Ismail Bismillah Paint It is used for creating pictures, drawings, logo E. T. C Input These are the input devices I used to make my work easy. Device Speed Errors that can be made Way to correct errors Keyboard The speed of the keyboard is measured in form of words per minute. It depends if you are a fast typist or a slow one. Many errors can be done whilst typing. For example, when youre typing very quickly, you can press the wrong key which will change the spelling of a word. Also when youre typing numbers you can make mistakes. E. g. if you want to type in 786 and your in a rush you can make mistakes like pressing the wrong numbers. (768) The way to correct these errors is to type a lot and you will get use to it so much that you wont get any mistakes. Another easier method is to click on tools then click on spelling and grammar. This will show you all the mistakes and you can easily correct it later. Mouse The speed of the mouse also is measured in the similar way. (Clicks per minute) It depends if you are fast or slow on using the mouse. Many errors can also be made whilst using the mouse. The main error that can be made is that when you are in a rush, you can easily click on something wrong which will take you to a different place. Also the mouse can easily slip when youre moving it. The way to correct these errors is to use a mouse pad which is especially designed/made for mice. Another way to correct this error is to use the mouse a bit slower and not in a rush. Scanner The speed of the scanner depends on how much data is being scanned. It also depends on what type of scanner it is. Errors can be made using the scanner as well. The main error that can be made is that the paper can be put the wrong way (upside down). Also the paper can sometimes be inserted half way inside. The way to correct these errors is to check carefully which way the paper should be put in. Also the paper should be put in straight and not bent. Keyboard I detected errors in my work by using the spelling and grammar checker to check any spelling mistakes and any punctuation mistakes. To correct the errors in my work I would use the proof reader to correct mistakes that are done in my work. To prevent errors from happening, I typed a bit slower and much more carefully and I carried on looking at the screen to see if there were any mistakes I made. Mouse I detected errors in my work by checking manually if I made any clicking mistakes. To correct the errors in my work I would check manually and make sure that I would click the right thing if something unwanted had been clicked by going back and clicking the right thing. To prevent errors from happening in my work I would make sure that I would buy a mouse pad so that the mouse doesnt slip and so the wrong thing doesnt be clicked. Scanner I detected errors in my work by checking manually if all the information has been scanned and also that it is the right way round but not upside down. To correct the errors in my work I would check manually and make sure that if the data is scanned upside down than I would delete that data and I would than scan the data again by moving the data on the scanner the other way round. To prevent errors from happening in my work I would make sure that the data is the right way round in the first place and also make sure that no part of it is covered up. Effects of Inaccurate Data Inaccurate data will affect the system in many ways. Data Effect Way it can be prevented Spelling mistakes (website). If spelling mistakes are made then wrong information might be given out and also the customers will think this agency is not a professional one. To prevent this I spell checker can be used. I can also tell someone to go through it and look at my mistakes. Hyperlinks not linked correctly If hyperlinks are not linked properly then the business will become low because when you click on the link itll send you somewhere else or not take you anywhere. This can be prevented by checking the hyperlinks properly and making sure there are no mistakes. Also makes sure checking takes place before advertising. Not changing the colour of hyperlinks If hyperlinks do not change colour then the customer will not no which site he has been to so he will go on that website repeatedly. The way this can be sorted out is that when a customer clicks on the hyper link then it should change colour so the customer does not go on it repeatedly. The best way to stop all the problems is to keep on checking if you have made mistakes. This way all your mistakes will be sorted out. And there wont be any inaccurate data Validation Validation is to make sure that data which is being entered should be reasonable and allowable meaning that it is something possible but it doesnt have to be correct. There are a few different types of validations to help reduce the number of errors made by a user: Type check, range check, picture or format check, check digit, field length checks etc. Verification The validation can be used to make sure that when a user types data in the computer and if there are any errors made in the typing then they are reduced. For example if a database was going to be made with mistakes like if a 1993 date of birth was typed and was not true, the computer will not take it as an error if was programmed to let in anything between 1990 and1994. So the results would be incorrect and full of mistakes. This could also be known as Garbage In, Garbage out (GIGO). So that is why validations are important to help make sure that the user knows if there are any errors that have been made when typing data into the computer but it does not help in telling if the data is true or false. Output This table shows the outputs I used. Device Type The way it works Advantages Disadvantages Best place to use it Printers Laser A mirror reflects a beam of laser, and then lays them. A toner is then sprayed onto it. A paper is now pressed onto the toner and is slightly heated so that it sticks firmly on the paper. It prints out very quickly compared to ink-jet and dot-matrix printers It is the most expensive printer especially the colour lasers. The best place to use this laser printer is an office because an office requires a large amount of papers printed in small amount of time and with less noise as possible. It prints out very fast compared to ink-jet and dot-matrix printers Because it is so big it takes up more space than ink-jet printers. It has a high quality compared to ink-jet and dot-matrix printers It is very expensive to repair because of the complex parts inside.